Sand Sifting Starfish: The Ultimate Cleanup Crew for Your Pristine Reef Aquarium
Reef aquariums are a captivating window into the complex and vibrant ecosystems of our oceans. Among the many fascinating invertebrates that can be introduced to a reef tank, the sand sifting starfish (Astropecten polycanthus) stands out due to its unique behaviour and beneficial role in maintaining a clean and healthy substrate. This comprehensive guide will explore the characteristics of sand sifting starfish, their natural habitats, and how to successfully care for them in a reef aquarium.
What Are Sand Sifting Starfish?
Sand sifting starfish are echinoderms known for their ability to burrow into the substrate and sift through the sand in search of food. They belong to the family Astropectinidae and are characterised by their five arms, which are covered in tiny, spiny projections that help them move and dig through the sand. These starfish are particularly popular in reef aquariums due to their effective role in maintaining a clean substrate by consuming detritus, uneaten food, and other organic matter.
Why Keep Sand Sifting Starfish in a Reef Aquarium?
Sand sifting starfish offer several benefits to reef aquariums:
1. Substrate Maintenance: They help keep the sand bed clean by consuming organic debris, leftover food, and detritus. This action not only prevents the buildup of harmful substances but also promotes a healthy and aesthetically pleasing aquarium environment.
2. Natural Behaviour: Watching sand sifting starfish move through the substrate, uncovering hidden treasures as they go, adds a dynamic and natural element to the tank.
3. Aeration of Sand: By constantly moving and sifting through the sand, these starfish promote aeration, preventing anaerobic conditions that can lead to harmful gas buildup.
Setting Up the Ideal Environment
Creating a suitable environment for sand sifting starfish is crucial for their health and longevity in a reef aquarium. Here are key considerations:
Tank Size and Setup
• Tank Size: A minimum of 30 gallons is recommended to provide adequate space and a stable environment for sand sifting starfish. Larger tanks are preferred to offer more extensive sand beds for their foraging activities.
• Substrate: A deep sand bed of at least 2-3 inches is ideal for sand sifting starfish. Fine-grain sand is preferred as it allows for easier movement and sifting.
Water Parameters
• Temperature: Maintain a stable temperature between 72-78°F.
• Salinity: Keep salinity levels between 1.023 and 1.025 specific gravity.
• pH: Ensure the pH is between 8.1 and 8.4.
• Nitrates and Phosphates: Regularly monitor and keep nitrates and phosphates at low levels to ensure optimal water quality.
Lighting
• Moderate lighting is usually sufficient for sand sifting starfish. While they do not require intense light, proper lighting is essential for the health of other tank inhabitants.
Water Movement
• Gentle to moderate water flow is ideal. It should be strong enough to keep food particles suspended in the water column but not so strong that it disrupts the sand bed excessively.
Feeding Sand Sifting Starfish
In the wild, sand sifting starfish primarily feed on detritus, small invertebrates, and organic matter found within the substrate. In a reef aquarium, their diet can be supplemented with:
• Meaty Foods: Offer small pieces of shrimp, fish, or other meaty foods occasionally. Place the food near the starfish to ensure it can access it.
• Commercial Foods: Specialised invertebrate foods designed for bottom feeders can also be used to provide additional nutrition.
• Natural Foraging: Ensure there is a steady supply of natural detritus and organic matter in the substrate for the starfish to consume.
Regularly feeding the tank with these supplements can help ensure that the sand sifting starfish receive adequate nutrition.
Compatibility with Other Tank Inhabitants
When introducing sand sifting starfish to a reef tank, consider their compatibility with other tank inhabitants:
Fish
• Safe Choices: Many reef-safe fish, such as clownfish, gobies, and tangs, generally ignore sand sifting starfish, making them excellent tank mates.
• Potential Issues: Avoid fish species that may prey on or disturb the starfish, such as certain triggerfish or pufferfish.
Corals and Invertebrates
• Corals: Sand sifting starfish are generally safe with most corals. Their burrowing activity does not harm corals and can contribute to a healthy sand bed.
• Other Invertebrates: They can coexist with various invertebrates, such as snails, shrimp, and non-aggressive crabs. Monitor interactions to ensure peaceful coexistence.
Behavioural and Ecological Observations
Sand sifting starfish exhibit a range of fascinating behaviours that can be observed in a reef tank setting. These behaviours include:
Sifting and Burrowing
• Sand sifting starfish spend much of their time moving through the substrate, using their arms to sift through the sand and uncover food particles. This constant activity helps keep the sand bed clean and aerated.
Feeding
• These starfish feed by extending their tube feet and mouth to capture and consume organic matter found within the sand. Watching them feed can provide valuable insights into their natural behaviours and dietary needs.
Self-Protection
• When disturbed, sand sifting starfish can quickly burrow deeper into the sand to avoid potential threats. This behaviour helps them stay safe from predators and environmental stressors.
Challenges and Considerations
Keeping sand sifting starfish in a reef tank comes with challenges and considerations:
Sensitivity to Water Quality
• Water Quality: Sand sifting starfish are sensitive to changes in water quality. Poor water conditions can cause stress and lead to the deterioration of their health. Regular water changes and monitoring are essential.
Predation and Damage
• Predation: Ensure that no aggressive fish or invertebrates are present that may harm or prey on the starfish.
• Physical Damage: Handle the starfish with care to avoid damage during tank maintenance.
Feeding Requirements
• Consistent Feeding: Providing a steady supply of detritus and other food sources is critical for the health of these starfish. Regular feeding with appropriate supplements is necessary to maintain their nutritional needs.
Selecting the Right Sand Sifting Starfish
When choosing a sand sifting starfish for your reef tank, consider the following factors:
Appearance
• Look for a starfish with healthy, intact arms and no signs of damage or stress. Healthy starfish will actively move through the sand and respond to stimuli.
Source
• Purchase sand sifting starfish from reputable sources that provide healthy, well-maintained specimens. Avoid starfish that show signs of illness or poor health.
Tank Conditions
• Ensure that your tank conditions are stable and suitable for sand sifting starfish before introducing them. This includes maintaining optimal water parameters and providing a deep sand bed.
Conclusion
Sand sifting starfish are a valuable addition to any reef aquarium, offering both aesthetic appeal and functional benefits. By understanding their natural habitat and providing a suitable environment, aquarists can enjoy the dynamic presence of these diligent cleaners.
Ensuring proper tank setup, compatible tank mates, and adequate nutrition will help sand sifting starfish thrive, contributing to a pristine and healthy sand bed. Whether you’re a seasoned aquarist or new to the hobby, sand sifting starfish can bring a touch of the wild, natural world into your home aquarium, offering endless opportunities for observation and appreciation.
